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Words	World Type	Word Mean	Word Pronuncation	Word Translation	Instances
narrow	adjective, verb	having a small distance from one side to the other, especially in comparison with the length to become less wide or to make something less wide to become less	UK /ˈnær.əʊ/ US /ˈner.oʊ/	dar sınırlı kısıtlı daraltmak daralmak kısmak	a narrow bridge/passage/gap a narrow face narrow feet The little village has very narrow streets The road narrows after the bridge He narrowed his eyes in suspicion They have narrowed the focus of the investigation, to concentrate on younger adults figurative We must strive to narrow the gap between rich and poor The retailer's loss narrowed to $3 million from $10 million a year earlier
native	adjective, noun	relating to or describing someone's country or place of birth or someone who was born in a particular country or place used to refer to plants and animals that grow naturally in a place, and have not been brought there from somewhere else relating to the first people to live in an area A native ability or characteristic is one that a person or thing has naturally and is part of their basic character a person who was born in a particular place, or a plant or animal that lives or grows naturally in a place and has not been brought from somewhere else of or relating to the place where you were born	UK /ˈneɪ.tɪv/ US /ˈneɪ.t̬ɪv/	yerli doğal doğuştan yerli kimse yerli hayvan yerli mal	She returned to live and work in her native Japan She's a native Californian Henderson Island in the Pacific has more than 55 species of native flowering plants The horse is not native to America - it was introduced by the Spanish The Aborigines are the native inhabitants of Australia the native population native customs and traditions his native wit a native of Monaco The red squirrel is a native of Britain This was his first visit to his native land in 30 years Larry is a native Texan (= He was born in Texas) His native language is Spanish, but he speaks English without a trace of an accent
neither	determiner, pronoun, adverb	not either of two things or people used when you want to say that two or more things are not true not one and not the other of two things or people	UK /ˈnaɪ.ðər/ /ˈniː.ðər/ US /ˈnaɪ.ðɚ/ /ˈniː.ðɚ/	hiç biri ikisi de değil	We've got two TVs, but neither works properly Neither of my parents likes my boyfriend Neither one of us is interested in gardening "Which one would you choose" "Neither They're both terrible" If she doesn't agree to the plan, neither will Tom (= he will also not) Chris wasn't at the meeting and neither was her assistant informal "I don't feel like going out this evening" "Me neither" On two occasions she was accused of stealing money from the company, but in neither case was there any evidence to support the claims The teams change ends at half-time so that neither side has an unfair advantage It's an absurd situation - neither of them will talk to the other Strangely, neither Carlo nor Juan saw what had happened This is a war which neither side can win His words to the press were deliberately equivocal - he didn't deny the reports but neither did he confirm them Neither my mother nor my father went to university They speak neither French nor German, but a strange mixture of the two I neither know nor care what happened to him
nervous	adjective	worried and anxious relating to the nerves worried or slightly frightened	UK /ˈnɜː.vəs/ US /ˈnɝː.vəs/	sinir gergin sinirli asabi	Do you feel/get nervous during exams I was too nervous to speak She's always been nervous around dogs I was very nervous about driving again after the accident He had/was of a nervous disposition He suffers from a nervous disorder I was nervous during my driving test
nifty	adjective	good, pleasing, or effective	UK /ˈnɪf.ti/ US /ˈnɪf.ti/	şık havalı güzel zeki	a nifty piece of work/footwork a nifty little gadget What a nifty little gadget – you can use it for all kinds of things
nonsense	noun	an idea, something said or written, or behaviour that is silly or stupid language that cannot be understood because it does not mean anything foolish words or actions	UK /ˈnɒn.səns/ US /ˈnɑːn.sens/	anlamsız saçma saçmalık safsata fasa fiso zırva	This report is nonsense and nothing but a waste of paper The accusations are (absolute/complete/utter) nonsense Nonsense/Don't talk nonsense! She's far too ill to return to work! You mustn't upset your sister with any more nonsense about ghosts [ + to infinitive ] It's (a) nonsense to say that he's too old for the job The translation of the instructions was so poor they were just nonsense Those accusations are pure/sheer nonsense What’s all this nonsense about quitting school
notice	verb	to see or become conscious of something or someone (a board, piece of paper, etc. containing) information or instructions information or a warning given about something that is going to happen in the future	UK /ˈnəʊ.tɪs/ US /ˈnoʊ.t̬ɪs/	farkına varmak dikkat uyarı ihbar duyuru	I noticed a crack in the ceiling Mary waved at the man but he didn't seem to notice [ + (that) ] He noticed (that) the woman was staring at him [ + question word ] Did you notice how she did that There was a large notice on the wall saying "No Parking" I saw a notice in the paper announcing their marriage The next time you visit, can you give me more notice The first responders are ready to spring into action at a moment's notice The building is closed until further notice (= until another official announcement is made)
notion	noun	a belief or idea	UK /ˈnəʊ.ʃən/ US /ˈnoʊ.ʃən/	kavram fikir görüş	[ + that ] The show's director rejects the notion that seeing violence on television has a harmful effect on children I have only a vague notion of what she does for a living He has some fanciful notion about converting one room of his apartment into a gallery I don't think he has any notion of the seriousness of the situation Dave's got some strange notion that you're only respectable if you own a piece of property You must judge each film on its own merits, without any preconceived notions about what it's like Whatever gave you that notion Nast helped form the American notion of Santa Claus
obligation	noun	the fact that you are obliged to do something something that you must do something that a person feels morally or legally forced to do a legal or moral duty to do something	UK /ˌɒb.lɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən/ US /ˌɑː.bləˈɡeɪ.ʃən/	yükümlülük zorunluluk borç	[ + to infinitive ] If you have not signed a contract, you are under no obligation to (= it is not necessary to) pay them any money You have a legal obligation to (= the law says you must) ensure your child receives an education I don't have time to do his work for him - I have too many obligations as it is Beach operators do not have a legal obligation to provide against injury or drowning One has an obligation to one's friends It's her moral obligation to tell the police what she knows Are you under a contractual obligation to any other company You have a legal obligation to inform the police about the crash [ C ] The government has an obligation to assist relief efforts [ U ] You can just look – you’re under no obligation to buy
obsolete	adjective	not in use any more, having been replaced by something newer and better or more fashionable no longer used or needed, usually because something newer and better has replaced it not in general use any more, having been replaced by something newer and better or more fashionable	UK /ˌɒb.səlˈiːt/ US /ˌɑːb.səlˈiːt/	modası geçmiş eski kullanılmayan	Gas lamps became obsolete when electric lighting was invented Typewriters have been rendered obsolete by computers Payment by cheque will soon be obsolete become/be rendered obsolete Traditional retailing is in danger of being rendered obsolete by the internet We need to replace some obsolete equipment
obstinate	adjective	unreasonably determined, especially to act in a particular way and not to change at all, despite what anyone else says used to describe a problem, situation, or thing that is difficult to deal with, remove, change, or defeat	UK /ˈɒb.stɪ.nət/ US /ˈɑːb.stə.nət/	inatçı dik kafalı dik başlı	He can be very obstinate at times her obstinate refusal to compromise obstinate weeds Invading troops met with obstinate resistance by guerrilla forces
Offshore	adjective, adverb	away from or at a distance from the coast (of companies and banks) based in a different country with different tax rules that cost less money to base a business or part of a business in a different country, usually because this is cheaper	UK /ˌɒfˈʃɔːr/ US /ˌɑːfˈʃɔːr/	açık deniz kıyıdan uzak dış kıyıdan esen yabancı ülkeden kıyıdan uzakta kıyıdan esen	offshore engineering an offshore breeze The wind was blowing offshore offshore banking/funds American companies have been offshoring for decades The shoe factory has been offshored to Mexico
once	adverb	one single time at the same time used when something happens that does not usually happen used to say that you will only do or request something on this particular occasion again, as has happened before one more time again, as has happened before a few times sometimes but not often completely and in a way that will finally solve a problem only likely to happen once in a person's life on a single occasion in the past, but not now	UK /wʌns/ US /wʌns/	bir zamanlar bir kere bir defa eskiden hemen	I went sailing once, but I didn't like it We have lunch together once a month They all started talking at once For once, the bus came on time All right, I'll lend you the money - just this once Once again, racist attacks are increasing across Europe I'd like to visit the campus once more before we leave When my father came home, everything felt right once more I've seen him once or twice in town We meet for lunch once in a while Our intention is to destroy their offensive capability once and for all An opportunity as good as this arises once in a lifetime I've only played rugby the once, and I never want to play it again I go to aerobics once a week I did meet him once and it was an experience I shall never forget The baby only feeds once a night at the moment, thank goodness If I look flustered it's because I'm trying to do so many things at once She's decided to write her memoirs to set the record straight once and for all This house once belonged to my grandfather Computers are much cheaper nowadays than they once were Once-thriving villages stand deserted and in ruins
onto	preposition	used to show movement into or on a particular place used about changing to, or starting to talk about, a different subject knowing about someone or something that can be useful to you If you are onto someone, you talk to that person, especially to ask them to do something, or to complain to them used about someone or something that is added to or joins a particular thing into a position on	UK /ˈɒn.tu/ US /ˈɑːn.tu/	üstüne üzerine -e	I slipped as I stepped onto the platform The sheep were loaded onto trucks There was a sudden flare when she threw the petrol onto the fire Leaves fluttered down onto the path The president has only held onto power because the opposition is so fragmented The waves frothed as they crashed onto the beach I've managed to offload some of our old furniture onto a friend who's just bought a house How did we get onto this subject Can we move onto the next item on the agenda Hold onto my hand and you'll be perfectly safe You're onto a good thing with this buy-one-get-one-free deal UK David put me onto (= told me about) a really good restaurant He knows we're onto him UK Who put the police onto (= told the police about) her I must get onto the plumber about the shower Dad was onto her again about doing her homework Gennaro tossed his newspaper onto the table
orchide	noun	a plant with beautifully coloured flowers that have an unusual shape a plant with three-part flowers, or one of its flowers, which can be white or of several different colors	UK /ˈɔː.kɪd/ US /ˈɔːr.kɪd/	orkide	-
outsourcing	noun	the process of paying to have part of a company's work done by another company a situation in which a company employs another organization to do some of its work, rather than using its own employees to do it	UK /ˈaʊtˌsɔː.sɪŋ/ US /ˈaʊtˌsɑː.sɪŋ/	dış kaynak kullanımı	The management guaranteed that outsourcing wouldn't mean job losses large Indian outsourcing firms E-commerce, globalization, and outsourcing are all changing the production and distribution of products and services the outsourcing of sth (to sth) Proposals to reduce the current workload are expected to include the outsourcing of some planning work to the private sector
oversee	verb	to watch or organize a job or an activity to make certain that it is being done correctly to watch and manage a job or activity to watch or organize a job or an activity to make certain that it is being done correctly	UK /ˌəʊ.vəˈsiː/ US /ˌoʊ.vɚˈsiː/	nezaret etmek denetlemek gözetmek yönetmek	As marketing manager, her job is to oversee all the company's advertising
pacify	verb	to cause someone who is angry or upset to be calm and satisfied to bring peace to a place or end war in a place, often using military force To pacify a place is to bring peace there or end a war	UK /ˈpæs.ɪ.faɪ/ US /ˈpæs.ə.faɪ/	yatıştırmak sakinleştirmek huzura kavuşturmak barıştırmak	He pacified his crying child with a bottle It was difficult for the police to pacify the angry crowd A UN force has been sent in to try and pacify the area worst affected by the civil war The governor later apologized, but union members weren’t pacified The US plans to send troops to pacify the country
pair	noun	two things of the same appearance and size that are intended to be used together, or something that consists of two parts joined together two people who have a romantic relationship or are doing something together	UK /peər/ US /per/	çift	a pair of shoes/gloves a pair of scissors/glasses I can't find a matching pair of socks He packed two pairs of trousers and four shirts I'd like you to do this exercise in pairs (= in groups of two) They seem a very happy pair What have the pair of you been up to
participate	verb	to take part in or become involved in an activity to take part in an event or activity to receive a share of the profits of a company	US /pɑrˈtɪs·əˌpeɪt/	katılmak ortak olmak pay almak	She never participates in any of our discussions, does she Kate has always participated fully in the life of the school As a child he was very much an outsider, never participating in the games other children played Flags of all the participating countries are flying outside the stadium We want to encourage members to participate fully in the running of the club Details of the offer are available at all participating restaurants The teacher tries to get everyone to participate in the classroom discussion participate in sth All staff are encouraged to participate in the project Several hotels are participating in the program participate in sth All our employees participate in profits, when there are any
paternity	noun	the fact of being a father	UK /pəˈtɜː.nə.ti/ US /pəˈtɝː.nə.t̬i/	babalık köken baba tarafı	Increasingly, the unmarried father of a child in Europe registers his paternity at the baby's birth
pathetic	adjective	causing feelings of sadness, sympathy, or sometimes lack of respect, especially because a person or an animal is suffering unsuccessful or showing no ability, effort, or bravery, so that people feel no respect causing feelings of sadness or sympathy unsuccessful, useless, or worthless	UK /pəˈθet.ɪk/ US /pəˈθet̬.ɪk/	acıklı dokunaklı acınacak	The refugees were a pathetic sight - starving, frightened and cold After the accident he became a pathetic figure, a shadow of his former self a pathetic attempt/joke/excuse Are you telling me you're frightened to speak to her Don't be so pathetic! I think it’s pathetic that only half of the eligible voters tend to vote
pendulum	noun	a device consisting of a weight on a stick or thread that moves from one side to the other, especially one that forms a part of some types of clocks a change, especially from one opinion to an opposite one A pendulum is also power or control of an activity that changes from one group to another	UK /ˈpen.dʒəl.əm/ US /ˈpen.dʒəl.əm/	sarkaç pandül rakkas	The pendulum in the grandfather clock swung back and forth The spaceship's jets were fired periodically to dampen a side-to-side pendulum motion that had developed As so often in education, the pendulum has swung back to the other extreme and testing is popular again In labor-management relations, the pendulum has swung wildly in the direction of the players
penetrate	verb	to move into or through something to succeed in becoming part of an organization, etc. and working within it to reach or affect something If your eyes penetrate somewhere dark, you manage to see through it	UK /ˈpen.ɪ.treɪt/ US /ˈpen.ə.treɪt/	nüfuz etmek işlemek içine girmek arasından geçmek sokulmak iç yüzünü anlatmak	Amazingly, the bullet did not penetrate his brain In a normal winter, the frost penetrates deeply enough to kill off insect eggs in the soil The organization had been penetrated by a spy The company has been successful in penetrating overseas markets this year (= it has started selling its products in them) These changes had not yet penetrated as far west as the mountains of Merioneth Our eyes couldn't penetrate the dark/the gloom of the inner cave It's hard to penetrate her mind He penetrates deeper into the artist's life in the second volume of his autobiography [ I ] The drill isn’t sharp enough to penetrate into the rock [ T ] Women have begun to penetrate a lot of fields that were dominated by men for centuries
perception	noun	a belief or opinion, often held by many people and based on how things seem the quality of being aware of things through the physical senses, especially sight someone's ability to notice and understand things that are not obvious to other people	UK /pəˈsep.ʃən/	algı algılama idrak sezgi kavrama basiret	We have to change the public's perception that money is being wasted These photographs will affect people's perceptions of war Drugs can alter your perception of reality She has extraordinary powers of perception for one so young He's not known for his perception Even though he had done nothing illegal, the public’s perception was that he had acted dishonestly, and he was forced to resign Although our handling of complaints has improved greatly, it continues to be a significant problem in terms of public perception A strong brand has a big impact on product perception Sometimes the experience of going through the course changes people's perceptions about entrepreneurship
perform	verb	to do an action or piece of work to entertain people by dancing, singing, acting, or playing music to do an action or piece of work	UK /pəˈfɔːm/ US /pɚˈfɔːrm/	rol yapmak yapmak uygulamak yerine getirmek oynamak işlemek konser vermek	Computers can perform a variety of tasks The operation will be performed next week Most of the students performed well in the exam Thomas and Elisa performed a rousing duet for violin and piano She composes and performs her own music A major Hollywood star will be performing on stage tonight There are plans to ban circuses with performing animals [ T ] The operation was performed with the patient under general anesthesia
perish	verb	to die, especially in an accident or by being killed, or to be destroyed If material such as rubber or leather perishes, it decays and starts to break into pieces to die, esp. as a result of an accident, violence, or war	UK /ˈper.ɪʃ/ US /ˈper.ɪʃ/	yok olmak ölmek çürümek can vermek	Three hundred people perished in the earthquake He believes that Europe must create closer ties or it will perish Sunlight has caused the rubber to perish Without this assistance, thousands of refugees would perish from hunger and neglect
pity	noun, verb	a feeling of sadness or sympathy for someone else's unhappiness or difficult situation If something is described as a pity, it is disappointing or not satisfactory to feel sorry for someone, and to do something that shows this to feel sadness or sympathy for someone's unhappiness or bad situation sympathy and understanding for someone else’s suffering or troubles If something is described as a pity, it is a cause for regret	UK /ˈpɪt.i/ US /ˈpɪt̬.i/	yazık merhamet acımak merhamet etmek	The girl stood gazing in/with pity at the old lion in the cage She agreed to go out with him more out of pity than anything These people don't want pity, they want practical help "Can't you go to the party Oh, that's (such) a pity " [ + (that) ] It's a pity (that) children spend so little time outside nowadays [ + (that) ] Pity (that) you didn't remember to give me the message What a pity you're ill! "I called the restaurant, but they're closed tonight " "Pity" We'll have to leave early, more's the pity (= and I am unhappy about it) The pity was that so few people bothered to come We took pity on a couple of people waiting in the rain for a bus and gave them a lift I struggled up the steps with my bags until eventually someone took pity and helped me She did not want his pity It’s a pity you can’t come to the party
plagiarize	verb	to use another person's ideas or work and pretend that it is your own to use another person’s idea or a part of that person's work and pretend that it is your own	UK /ˈpleɪ.dʒər.aɪz/ US /ˈpleɪ.dʒə.raɪz/	çalıntı yapmak eser hırsızlığı yapmak izinsiz alıntı yapmak	The book contains numerous plagiarized passages If you compare the two books side by side, it is clear that the author of the second has plagiarized (from the first) She’s been accused of plagiarism
plausible	adjective	seeming likely to be true, or able to be believed A plausible person appears to be honest and telling the truth, even if they are not possibly true; able to be believed	UK /ˈplɔː.zə.bəl/ US /ˈplɑː.zə.bəl/	mantıklı makul akla yakın	a plausible explanation/excuse a plausible salesman a plausible excuse/explanation
pleasure	noun	enjoyment, happiness, or satisfaction, or something that gives this a feeling of enjoyment or satisfaction, or something that produces this feeling	UK /ˈpleʒ.ər/ US /ˈpleʒ.ɚ/	zevk keyif haz	His visits gave his grandparents such pleasure Why do so many boys take pleasure in torturing insects and small animals [ + to infinitive ] It was such a pleasure to meet you He wrote an article on the pleasures and pains of camping Coffee is one of my few pleasures His books are a pleasure to read because he writes with such clarity and precision It is a great pleasure to welcome you all here this evening She flushed with pleasure as she accepted the prize She chewed each delicious mouthful as slowly as she could, prolonging the pleasure Few things in this world give me more pleasure than a long bath [ U ] The boy’s visits gave his grandparents a great deal of pleasure [ C usually sing ] It’s always a pleasure to see you
pledge	noun	a serious or formal promise, especially one to give money or to be a friend, or something that you give as a sign that you will keep a promise to make a serious or formal promise to give or do something a formal promise, or something that is given as a sign that you will keep a promise to make a formal promise to do something	UK /pledʒ/ US /pledʒ/	rehin taahhüt söz	[ + to infinitive ] All the candidates have given/made pledges not to raise taxes if they are elected Thousands of people made pledges (= promised to give money) to the charity campaign I give you this ring as a pledge of my everlasting love for you The couple will exchange rings as a pledge of their love for one another We've received pledges of more than ten thousand pounds to help pay for repairs to the church You can go online to make a pledge to the disaster relief fund The government has made a pledge never to make deals with terrorists Godparents make a pledge of support to the child's parents We are asking people to pledge their support for our campaign If you join the armed forces, you have to pledge allegiance to your country So far, £50,000 has been pledged (= people have promised to pay this amount) in response to the appeal [ + to infinitive ] Both sides have pledged to end the fighting I've been pledged to secrecy a pledge of friendship The telethon raised $150,000 in pledges for leukemia research pledge to do sth The UK chief executive has pledged to slash costs by £150m a year by 2014 pledge $32m/£100,000, etc to/for sth EU leaders pledged $1 2 billion to the region over the next 18 months pledge that sth He pledged that a reduction in the burden of taxation will become the central economic objective of the government
preach	verb	(especially of a priest or minister in a church) to give a religious speech to try to persuade other people to believe in a particular belief or follow a particular way of life to give unwanted advice, especially about moral matters, in a boring way to give a religious speech to try to persuade other people to do or accept something	UK /priːtʃ/ US /priːtʃ/	vaaz vermek öğüt vermek tavsiye etmek telkin etmek	Father Martin preached to the assembled mourners During the sermon, he preached about the need for forgiveness They preach the abolition of established systems but propose nothing to replace them He's such a pain - he's always preaching about the virtues of working hard and getting up early My mother's always preaching at/to me about keeping my room tidy
prevailing	adjective	existing in a particular place or at a particular time existing and accepted	UK /prɪˈveɪ.lɪŋ/ US /prɪˈveɪ.lɪŋ/	hakim geçerli egemen yaygın	the prevailing attitude The prevailing mood is one of optimism The prevailing view is that economic growth is likely to slow down The bank said it will buy the shares at the prevailing market price prevailing economic/market conditions The chief executive said the poor figures resulted from the prevailing economic conditions
principle	noun	a basic idea or rule that explains or controls how something happens or works If you agree with or believe something in principle, you agree with the idea in general, although you might not support it in reality or in every situation a moral rule or standard of good behaviour	UK /ˈprɪn.sə.pəl/ US /ˈprɪn.sə.pəl/	prensip ilke ana	the principles of the criminal justice system The country is run on socialist principles The machine works according to the principle of electromagnetic conduction The organization works on the principle that all members have the same rights The school is based on the fundamental principle that each child should develop its full potential The government has promised to uphold the principles of democracy In the 1870s and 1880s, doctors began to follow the principles of antiseptic surgery The party's principles are basically egalitarian Johnson calls this phenomenon 'the principle of minimal effort' She doesn't have any principles He was a man of principle Anyway, I can't deceive him - it's against all my principles I never gamble, as a matter of principle (= because I believe it is wrong) She'd never ask to borrow money, on principle
probable	adjective	likely to be true or likely to happen	UK /ˈprɒb.ə.bəl/ US /ˈprɑː.bə.bəl/	muhtemel olası mümkün makul akla yatkın	The probable cause of death was heart failure An election in June seems increasingly probable [ + that ] It is probable that share prices will fall even more The doctor said that the most probable cause of death was heart failure
properly	adverb	correctly, or in a satisfactory way in a socially and morally acceptable way in a way that is right for a particular situation; suitably in a way that is considered to be correct; correctly	UK /ˈprɒp.əl.i/ US /ˈprɑː.pɚ.li/	düzgün bir şekilde uygun bir şekilde uygun olarak	It's still not working properly I'm not properly dressed for this kind of weather I think you should take it somewhere to have it repaired properly Come on, Evie, speak properly - you're not a baby any more! We need to ensure that handwriting is properly taught in our primary schools You obviously didn't read the instructions properly It takes about five minutes to iron a shirt properly The doctors are doing all that they can, but she's still not breathing properly If you get bitten by a dog, you have to make sure the wound is properly cleaned, or an infection could set in
property	noun	an object or objects that belong to someone a building or area of land, or both together a quality in a substance or material, especially one that means that it can be used in a particular way	UK /ˈprɒp.ə.ti/ US /ˈprɑː.pɚ.t̬i/	emlak özellik mal mülk	The club does not accept responsibility for loss of or damage to club members' personal property Both books have "Government property" stamped inside them Children need to be taught to have respect for other people's property He owns a number of properties on the south coast The notice said "Private property - keep off!" Yes, I've bought my own house - I'm now a man/woman of property! The new tax system would be calculated on the value of property owned by an individual Apparently he was sacked after he was caught stealing company property The police impounded cars and other personal property belonging to the drug dealers The fire resulted in damage to their property In an auction, goods or property are sold to the highest bidder
prospect	noun	the possibility that something good might happen in the future the possibility of being successful, especially at work the idea of something that will or might happen in the future	UK /ˈprɒs.pekt/ US /ˈprɑː.spekt/	olasılık ihtimal umut beklenti	Is there any prospect of the weather improving There seems little prospect of an end to the dispute [ + that ] There's not much prospect that this war will be over soon There's every prospect of success She's hoping the course will improve her career prospects Prospects of/for (= opportunities for) employment remain bleak for most people in the area The prospect of spending three whole days with her fills me with horror I'm very excited at the prospect of seeing her again We face the prospect of having to start all over again
pursue	verb	to follow someone or something, usually to try to catch him, her, or it to try very hard to persuade someone to accept a job to try to discover information about a subject to try very hard to persuade someone to have a relationship with you If you pursue a plan, activity, or situation, you try to do it or achieve it, usually over a long period of time	UK /pəˈsjuː/ US /pɚˈsuː/	sürdürmek izlemek kovalamak	The car was pursued by helicopters The hunters spent hours pursuing their prey He was killed by the driver of a stolen car who was being hotly pursued by the police The company has been pursuing Holton for some time, but so far he has rejected all their offers We will not be pursuing this matter any further The police are currently pursuing several lines of inquiry into the case I don't think this idea is worth pursuing any further The press has pursued this story relentlessly He's been pursuing her for months and yet she's so clearly not interested He decided to pursue a career in television We need to decide soon what marketing strategy we should pursue for these new products Michael Evans is leaving the company to pursue his own business interests She is ruthless in pursuing her goals
quaint	adjective	attractive because of being unusual and especially old-fashioned Quaint can also be used to show that you do not approve of something, especially an opinion, belief, or way of behaving, because it is strange or old-fashioned attractive because of being unusual and esp. old-fashioned	UK /kweɪnt/ US /kweɪnt/	antika ilginç eski ve hoş acayip	a quaint old cottage "What a quaint idea!" she said, laughing at him In Spain, we visited a cobblestone plaza with quaint little cafés around its perimeter
quiet	adjective	making very little noise having little activity or excitement and few people A quiet person is one who does not talk much to try to stop other people from finding out about a fact the state of being silent	UK /ˈkwaɪ.ət/ US /ˈkwaɪ.ət/	sessizlik sessiz sakin huzurlu durgun gizli dingin	She spoke in a quiet voice so as not to wake him It's so quiet without the kids here Please be quiet (= stop talking)! Could you keep quiet while I'm on the phone, please She was as quiet as a mouse (= very quiet) I didn't even know she'd come in a quiet, peaceful little village It was a quiet wedding, with just a few friends and relations Business is quiet during the holidays He was a quiet, almost taciturn, young man She managed to keep the operation quiet for a while Davies kept quiet about the amount of money being spent Let's have some quiet! I go camping for some peace and quiet (= absence of activity and excitement)
raise	verb, noun	to lift something to a higher position to cause something to increase or become bigger, better, higher, etc. to cause to exist to take care of a person, or an animal or plant, until they are completely grown	UK /reɪz/ US /reɪz/	yükseltme artış çıkıntı zam	Would all those in favour please raise their hands He raised the window and leaned out Mary Quant was the first fashion designer to raise hemlines The government plan to raise taxes I had to raise my voice (= speak more loudly) to make myself heard over the noise The inspector said that standards at the school had to be raised Our little chat has raised my spirits (= made me feel happier) Her answers raised doubts/fears/suspicions in my mind This discussion has raised many important issues/problems The announcement raised a cheer/laugh I want to raise (= talk about) two problems/questions with you I want to start my own business if I can raise (= obtain) the money/cash/capital/funds formal The chapel was raised (= built) as a memorial to her son
ranch	noun	a very large farm on which animals are kept, especially in North and South America a type of large farm on which animals are kept	UK /rɑːntʃ/ US /ræntʃ/	çiftlik hayvan üretme çiftliği	a cattle ranch a sheep ranch He went to work on a ranch
rapid	adjective	fast or sudden quick or sudden	UK /ˈræp.ɪd/ US /ˈræp.ɪd/	ani hızlı çabuk seri ani dik sarp	The 1990s were a period of rapid change/growth I was startled by a rapid movement to my left His response to the accusation was rapid rapid growth There’s been rapid change in China We kept up a rapid pace
raspy	adjective	A raspy voice sounds unpleasantly rough. hoarse or harsh-sounding	UK /ˈrɑːsp.i/ US /ˈræsp.i/	rahatsız edici ses gıcırtılı	his voice was raspy from days of non-stop campaigning a persistent raspy cough
raster	noun	a rectangular pattern of lines that an electron beam follows on a television or computer screen a type of computer image that is based on a rectangular grid (= pattern of lines and columns) of pixels (= small dots)	UK /ˈræs.tər/ US /ˈræs.tɚ/	görüntünün paralel çizgiler halinde dijitalize edilmesi	The characters can be exposed line by line using a raster scan PNG is a graphics file format for raster images
rebel	noun, verb	a person who is opposed to the political system in their country and tries to change it using force a person who does not like rules or authority, and shows this by behaving differently from most people in society to fight against the government to refuse to obey rules or people in authority to react against a feeling, action, plan, etc.	UK /ˈreb.əl/ US /ˈreb.əl/	isyancı asi isyan etmek başkaldırmak	The rebels took over the capital and set up a new government rebel troops/fighters He was a rebel when he was a teenager and dyed his hair pink The rebel troops have launched a coordinated attack on government soldiers A devastating attack was launched on the rebel stronghold The rebels are on the point of surrender The army recaptured the town from the rebels The UN forces have a numerical superiority over the rebels
recognize	verb	to know someone or something because you have seen or heard him or her or experienced it before to accept that something is legal, true, or important If a person's achievements are recognized, official approval is shown for them	UK /ˈrek.əɡ.naɪz/ US /ˈrek.əɡ.naɪz/	tanımak farkına varmak farketmek	I hadn't seen her for 20 years, but I recognized her immediately Do you recognize this song Doctors are trained to recognize the symptoms of different diseases The international community has refused to recognize (= officially accept the existence of) the newly independent nation state [ + (that) ] He sadly recognized (that) he would die childless You must recognize the seriousness of the problems we are facing The Queen recognized his services to his country by awarding him an MBE
recommend	verb	to suggest that someone or something would be good or suitable for a particular job or purpose, or to suggest that a particular action should be done to advise someone to do something to suggest that something is the best thing to choose to suggest that someone is the best person to do a job	UK /ˌrek.əˈmend/ US /ˌrek.əˈmend/	önermek salık vermek tavsiye etmek	I can recommend the chicken in mushroom sauce - it's delicious She has been recommended for promotion The headmistress agreed to recommend the teachers' proposals to the school governors [ + (that) ] The doctor recommended (that) I get more exercise [ + -ing verb ] I recommend writing your feelings down on paper The city has much/little to recommend it (= it has many/few pleasant qualities) Can you recommend a hotel in San Francisco [ + that clause ] I recommend that you go on a diet recommend that sb do sth Most financial advisers recommend that you buy individual life insurance, at least as a supplement We recommend changing your internet provider The board will recommend the offer to shareholders They've recommended some software to help with the planning process Can you recommend a good restaurant in this area recommend sth to sb This is the package that we recommend to most clients I can recommend several candidates recommend sb to sth This is the package that we recommend to most clients